Difference between revisions of "MAP Format Specification"

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Latest revision as of 07:09, 25 February 2013

Format Specification

This section describes the structure of a MAP file. It is not necessary to know these details to program games in Bennu, but they will be of help for those who want to develop external tools which are able to read or write MAP files.

A MAP file does not have compression. Bennu, however, supports transparently GZIP compression in files and usually MAP files are saved to disk compressed with GZIP. In the following we will assume that the MAP file is not compressed.

Header (+0)

MAP files start with the following header (8 bytes).

Name Size (bytes) Description
MAGIC 3 Three character string identifying the MAP file. Must contain "m01", "map", "m16" or "m32", in lower case. Depending on these value the information in the MAP file will refer to a 1 (m01), 8 (map), 16 (m16) or 32 (m32) bits per pixel (depth) MAP.
MS-DOS Termination 4 The following bytes: 0x1A, 0x0D, 0x0A y 0x00. This termination will prevent a TYPE (in MS-DOS) command to show the binary data of the file.
VERSION 1 Version number. The byte 0x00 for the specification in this document.

Subtotal: 8 bytes

Descriptor (+8)

Following the header there are 40 bytes which describes the MAP file. This section can be understood as an extension of the header.

Name Size (bytes) Description
WIDTH 2 The width in pixels of the graphic.
HEIGHT 2 The height in pixels of the graphic.
CODE 4 The GraphID of the graphic. Bennu ignores this value (a MAP loaded in Bennu will not have a graphID unless it is inside an FPG). This field, however, is kept for backwards compatibility with DIV and Fenix. When writing MAP files for Bennu you should always use 0.
NAME 32 A 32 bytes string which may be used to briefly identify by name the contents of the graphic. If the length of the description is less than 32 bytes, the string must be null-terminated (last character must be '\0').

Subtotal: 40 bytes

Palette (+48)

See PAL.

Name Size (bytes) Description
PALETTE 768 See PAL.

Subtotal: 768 bytes

Ranges of Colours (+816)

See PAL.

Name Size (bytes) Description
RANGE OF COLOURS 576 See PAL.

Subtotal: 576 bytes

Control Points (+1392)

A section to store control points.

Name Size (bytes) Description
NUMBER OF CONTROL POINTS 2 The number of control points stored in this MAP.
CONTROL POINTS x
Size Description
2 X coordinate of the first control point.
2 Y coordinate of the first control point.
... ...
2 X coordinate of the last control point.
2 Y coordinate of the last control point.

The control points. The coordinates of a control point are stored together in 4 bytes: first 2 for the x coordinate, last 2 for the y coordinate. This is repeated as many times as there are control points stored.

x = 4 * (number of control points)

Subtotal: 2 + (4 * (number of control points) ) bytes

Graphic data (+1394+4*(number of control points))

The actual graphic data.

Name Size (bytes) Description
GRAPHIC DATA x
0 (+0) 1 (+2) 2 (+4) 3 (+6)
4 (+8) 5 (+10) 6 (+12) 7 (+14)
8 (+16) 8 (+18) 10 (+20) 11 (+22)
12 (+24) 13 (+26) 14 (+28) 15 (+30)

The depth of the graphic (see Header) determines how the data is stored.

1bpp graphics: Pixels are stored by rows. Each byte stores up to 8 pixels, meaning that a pixel is stored in one bit. If the width of the image in pixels is not multiple of 8, last byte of the row will contain up to 7 unused bits (least significant bits). Bennu ignores these bits so they can be set either to 0 or 1.

8bpp graphics: Each pixel is stored in one byte. The value stored does not represent the color, but an index to the 256-color palette (see Palette). All pixels are stored consecutively, i.e., there is no padding.

16bpp graphics: Each pixel uses 2 bytes to store the color of the pixel. The color is in RGB565 format, meaning the first 5 most significant bits are used to store the red component, next 6 to store the green component and last 5 least significant bits store the blue component. Although this format does not contain information on alpha, Bennu understands color 0x0000 as transparent. All pixels are stored consecutively, i.e., there is no padding.

The example to the right shows a 16bit 4x4 graphic, with pixel numbers outside and byte offset inside the parenthesis.

32bpp graphics: Each pixel uses 4 bytes to store the color of the pixel. The color is in ARGB format, 8 bits for alpha component, 8 bits for red, 8 bits for green and 8 bits for blue. A pixel with an alpha component set to 0xFFFFFFFF is totally opaque while if set to 0x00000000 it will be completely transparent. All pixels are stored consecutively, i.e., there is no padding.

x = (width + ((8 - (width % 8)) & 7)) / 8 * height (depth in bytes -1bpp graphics-)

x = width * height * depth/8 (depth in bytes -8, 16, 32bpp graphics-)

Subtotal: width * height * depth/8 bytes (depth in bytes)

Total: 1394 + (4*(number of control points)) + (width * height * depth/8) bytes